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Abstand der nächstgelegenen Zelle mit 1 in einer Binärmatrix

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Gegeben eine Binärdatei Netz[][] . Finden Sie die Entfernung zum nächstgelegenen 1 im Raster für jede Zelle.
Der Abstand wird berechnet als  |ich 1   - ich 2 | + |j 1  - J 2 | wo ich1J1 sind die Zeilennummer und Spaltennummer der aktuellen Zelle und i2J2 sind die Zeilennummer und Spaltennummer der nächstgelegenen Zelle mit dem Wert 1. 

Notiz: Es sollte mindestens eine Zelle mit dem Wert 1 im Raster vorhanden sein.

Beispiele:



Eingang: Gitter[][] = [[0 1 1 0]
[1 1 0 0]
[0 0 1 1]]
Ausgabe: [[1 0 0 1]
[0 0 1 1]
[1 1 0 0]]
Erläuterung:
Zelle (0 1) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 0) – Abstand = |0-0| + |0-1| = 1
Zelle (0 2) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 3) – Abstand = |0-0| + |3-2| = 1
Zelle (1 0) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 0) – Abstand = |1-0| + |0-0| = 1
Zelle (1 1) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (1 2) – Abstand = |1-1| + |1-2| = 1
Zelle (2 2) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (2 1) – Abstand = |2-2| + |2-1| = 1
Zelle (2 3) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (1 3) – Abstand = |2-1| + |3-3| = 1
Der Rest sind alle Zellen mit 1, daher ist ihr Abstand von der nächsten Zelle mit 1 0.

Eingang: Gitter[][] = [[1 0 1]
[1 1 0]
[1 0 0]]
Ausgabe: [[0 1 0]
[0 0 1]
[0 1 2]]
Erläuterung:
Zelle (0 0) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 1) – Abstand = |0-0| + |0-1| = 1
Zelle (0 2) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 1) – Abstand = |0-0| + |2-1| = 1
Zelle (1 0) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (0 1) – Abstand = |1-0| + |0-1| = 2
Zelle (1 1) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (1 2) – Abstand = |1-1| + |1-2| = 1
Zelle (2 0) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (2 1) – Abstand = |2-2| + |2-1| = 1
Zelle (2 2) hat die nächste 1 in Zelle (2 1) – Abstand = |2-2| + |2-1| = 1
Der Rest sind alle Zellen mit 1, daher ist ihr Abstand von der nächsten Zelle mit 1 0.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Naiver Ansatz] – O((n*m)^2) Zeit und O(n * m) Raum

Die Idee besteht darin, das gesamte Gitter zu durchqueren und den Abstand jeder Zelle auf die nächste 1 zu berechnen:

  • Wenn die Zelle 1 enthält, ist ihr Abstand 0.
  • Wenn die Zelle 0 enthält, durchqueren wir das gesamte Gitter, um die nächstgelegene Zelle zu finden, die 1 enthält.
  • Berechnen Sie für jede 0-Zelle den Manhattan-Abstand zu allen Zellen mit 1 und nehmen Sie den Mindestabstand.

Speichern Sie diesen Mindestabstand in der entsprechenden Zelle der Ergebnismatrix. Wiederholen Sie diesen Vorgang für alle Zellen im Raster.

C++
//Driver Code Starts #include  #include    #include  using namespace std; //Driver Code Ends  vector<vector<int>> nearest(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {  int n = grid.size();  int m = grid[0].size();  vector<vector<int>> ans(n vector<int>(m INT_MAX));  // visit each cell of the grid  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)  {  // if the cell has 1  // then the distance is 0  if (grid[i][j] == 1)  {  ans[i][j] = 0;  continue;  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)  {  for (int l = 0; l < m; l++)  {  if (grid[k][l] == 1)  {  ans[i][j] = min(ans[i][j] abs(i - k) + abs(j - l));  }  }  }  }  }  return ans; }  //Driver Code Starts int main() {  vector<vector<int>> grid = {{0 1 1 0} {1 1 0 0} {0 0 1 1}};  vector<vector<int>> ans = nearest(grid);  for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < ans[i].size(); j++)  {  cout << ans[i][j] << ' ';  }  cout << endl;  }  return 0; } //Driver Code Ends 
Java
//Driver Code Starts import java.util.ArrayList; class GFG { //Driver Code Ends   static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>nearest(int[][] grid)  {  int n = grid.length;  int m = grid[0].length;  ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > ans  = new ArrayList<>();  // initialize all cells with maximum value  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  ArrayList<Integer> row = new ArrayList<>();  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  row.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE);  }  ans.add(row);  }  // visit each cell of the grid  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  // if the cell has 1 distance is 0  if (grid[i][j] == 1) {  ans.get(i).set(j 0);  continue;  }  // iterate over all cells to find nearest 1  for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {  for (int l = 0; l < m; l++) {  if (grid[k][l] == 1) {  int distance  = Math.abs(i - k)  + Math.abs(j - l);  if (distance  < ans.get(i).get(j)) {  ans.get(i).set(j distance);  }  }  }  }  }  }  return ans;  }  //Driver Code Starts  public static void main(String[] args)  {  int[][] grid = { { 0 1 1 0 }  { 1 1 0 0 }  { 0 0 1 1 } };  ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > ans = nearest(grid);  for (ArrayList<Integer> row : ans) {  for (Integer val : row) {  System.out.print(val + ' ');  }  System.out.println();  }  } } //Driver Code Ends 
Python
def nearest(grid): n = len(grid) m = len(grid[0]) ans = [[float('inf')] * m for _ in range(n)] # visit each cell of the grid for i in range(n): for j in range(m): # if the cell has 1 # then the distance is 0 if grid[i][j] == 1: ans[i][j] = 0 continue # iterate over all the cells # and find the distance of the nearest 1 for k in range(n): for l in range(m): if grid[k][l] == 1: ans[i][j] = min(ans[i][j] abs(i - k) + abs(j - l)) return ans   #Driver Code Starts if __name__ == '__main__': grid = [[0 1 1 0] [1 1 0 0] [0 0 1 1]] ans = nearest(grid) for i in range(len(ans)): for j in range(len(ans[i])): print(ans[i][j] end=' ') print() #Driver Code Ends 
C#
//Driver Code Starts using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GfG { //Driver Code Ends   static List<List<int> > nearest(int[ ] grid)  {  int n = grid.GetLength(0);  int m = grid.GetLength(1);  List<List<int> > ans = new List<List<int> >();  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  List<int> row = new List<int>();  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  row.Add(int.MaxValue);  }  ans.Add(row);  }  // Visit each cell of the grid  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  // If the cell has 1 distance is 0  if (grid[i j] == 1) {  ans[i][j] = 0;  continue;  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {  for (int l = 0; l < m; l++) {  if (grid[k l] == 1) {  int distance  = Math.Abs(i - k)  + Math.Abs(j - l);  if (distance < ans[i][j]) {  ans[i][j] = distance;  }  }  }  }  }  }  return ans;  }  //Driver Code Starts  static void Main()  {  int[ ] grid = { { 0 1 1 0 }  { 1 1 0 0 }  { 0 0 1 1 } };  List<List<int> > ans = nearest(grid);  for (int i = 0; i < ans.Count; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < ans[i].Count; j++) {  Console.Write(ans[i][j] + ' ');  }  Console.WriteLine();  }  } } //Driver Code Ends 
JavaScript
function nearest(grid) {  let n = grid.length;  let m = grid[0].length;  let ans = new Array(n);  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  ans[i] = new Array(m).fill(Infinity);  }  // visit each cell of the grid  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {  // if the cell has 1  // then the distance is 0  if (grid[i][j] === 1) {  ans[i][j] = 0;  continue;  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {  for (let l = 0; l < m; l++) {  if (grid[k][l] === 1) {  ans[i][j] = Math.min(  ans[i][j]  Math.abs(i - k)  + Math.abs(j - l));  }  }  }  }  }  return ans; }  // Driver Code //Driver Code Starts let grid =  [ [ 0 1 1 0 ] [ 1 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 1 1 ] ]; let ans = nearest(grid); for (let i = 0; i < ans.length; i++) {  console.log(ans[i].join(' ')); } //Driver Code Ends 

Ausgabe
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 

[Erwarteter Ansatz] – Verwendung der Breitensuche – O(n * m) Zeit und O(n * m) Raum

Mit einem Multi-Source-BFS-Ansatz kann das Problem effizient gelöst werden. Jede Zelle im Raster wird als Knoten behandelt, dessen Kanten benachbarte Zellen verbinden (oben, unten, links, rechts). Anstatt eine separate Suche für jede 0-Zelle durchzuführen, stellen wir alle Zellen, die zu Beginn 1 enthalten, in die Warteschlange und führen gleichzeitig ein einzelnes BFS aus diesen mehreren Quellen durch. Während sich das BFS Schicht für Schicht erweitert, aktualisieren wir die Entfernung jeder nicht besuchten 0-Zelle so, dass sie um eins größer ist als die Entfernung ihrer übergeordneten Zelle. Dies garantiert, dass jede Zelle auf optimale und effiziente Weise den Mindestabstand zur nächsten 1 erhält.

C++
//Driver Code Starts #include    #include #include #include using namespace std; //Driver Code Ends  vector<vector<int>> nearest(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {  int n = grid.size();  int m = grid[0].size();  vector<vector<int>> ans(n vector<int>(m INT_MAX));  // to store the indices of the cells having 1  queue<pair<int int>> q;  // visit each cell of the grid  for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {  for(int j = 0; j<m; j++) {  // if the cell has 1   // then the distance is 0  if(grid[i][j] == 1) {  ans[i][j] = 0;  q.push({i j});  }  }  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  while(!q.empty()) {  int len = q.size();    for(int i = 0; i<len; i++) {  int x = q.front().first;  int y = q.front().second;  q.pop();  // check all the four directions  vector<vector<int>> directions =   {{0 1} {0 -1} {1 0} {-1 0}};  for (int j = 0; j < directions.size(); j++) {  int dx = directions[j][0];  int dy = directions[j][1];  // if the cell is within the grid   // and the distance is not calculated yet  if (x+dx >= 0 && x+dx < n && y+dy >= 0 &&   y+dy < m && ans[x+dx][y+dy] == INT_MAX) {  ans[x+dx][y+dy] = ans[x][y] + 1;  q.push({x+dx y+dy});  }  }  }  }  return ans; }  //Driver Code Starts int main() {  vector<vector<int>> grid = {{0110} {1100} {0011}};  vector<vector<int>> ans = nearest(grid);  for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < ans[i].size(); j++) {  cout << ans[i][j] << ' ';  }  cout << endl;  }  return 0; } //Driver Code Ends 
Java
//Driver Code Starts import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Arrays; class GfG { //Driver Code Ends   static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> nearest(int[][] grid) {  int n = grid.length;  int m = grid[0].length;  int[][] ans = new int[n][m];  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  Arrays.fill(ans[i] Integer.MAX_VALUE);  }  // to store the indices of the cells having 1  Queue<int[]> q = new LinkedList<>();  // visit each cell of the grid  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  // if the cell has 1   // then the distance is 0  if (grid[i][j] == 1) {  ans[i][j] = 0;  q.add(new int[]{i j});  }  }  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  while (!q.isEmpty()) {  int len = q.size();  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {  int[] front = q.poll();  int x = front[0];  int y = front[1];  // check all the four directions  int[][] directions = {{0 1} {0 -1} {1 0} {-1 0}};  for (int j = 0; j < directions.length; j++) {  int dx = directions[j][0];  int dy = directions[j][1];  // if the cell is within the grid   // and the distance is not calculated yet  if (x + dx >= 0 && x + dx < n && y + dy >= 0 && y + dy < m  && ans[x + dx][y + dy] == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {  ans[x + dx][y + dy] = ans[x][y] + 1;  q.add(new int[]{x + dx y + dy});  }  }  }  }  ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  ArrayList<Integer> row = new ArrayList<>();  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {  row.add(ans[i][j]);  }  result.add(row);  }  return result;  }  //Driver Code Starts  public static void main(String[] args) {  int[][] grid = {{0110} {1100} {0011}};  ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ans = nearest(grid);  for (ArrayList<Integer> row : ans) {  for (int val : row) {  System.out.print(val + ' ');  }  System.out.println();  }  } } //Driver Code Ends 
Python
#Driver Code Starts from collections import deque import sys #Driver Code Ends  def nearest(grid): n = len(grid) m = len(grid[0]) ans = [[sys.maxsize for _ in range(m)] for _ in range(n)] # to store the indices of the cells having 1 q = deque() # visit each cell of the grid for i in range(n): for j in range(m): # if the cell has 1  # then the distance is 0 if grid[i][j] == 1: ans[i][j] = 0 q.append((i j)) # iterate over all the cells # and find the distance of the nearest 1 while q: len_q = len(q) for _ in range(len_q): x y = q.popleft() # check all the four directions directions = [(0 1) (0 -1) (1 0) (-1 0)] for dx dy in directions: # if the cell is within the grid  # and the distance is not calculated yet if 0 <= x + dx < n and 0 <= y + dy < m and ans[x + dx][y + dy] == sys.maxsize: ans[x + dx][y + dy] = ans[x][y] + 1 q.append((x + dx y + dy)) return ans  #Driver Code Starts if __name__ == '__main__': grid = [[0110] [1100] [0011]] ans = nearest(grid) for row in ans: print(' '.join(map(str row))) #Driver Code Ends 
C#
//Driver Code Starts using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG { //Driver Code Ends   static List<List<int>> nearest(int[] grid)  {  int n = grid.GetLength(0);  int m = grid.GetLength(1);  int[] ans = new int[n m];  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)  {  ans[i j] = int.MaxValue;  }  }  // to store the indices of the cells having 1  Queue<Tuple<int int>> q = new Queue<Tuple<int int>>();  // visit each cell of the grid  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)  {  // if the cell has 1   // then the distance is 0  if (grid[i j] == 1)  {  ans[i j] = 0;  q.Enqueue(new Tuple<int int>(i j));  }  }  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  while (q.Count > 0)  {  int len = q.Count;  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)  {  var node = q.Dequeue();  int x = node.Item1;  int y = node.Item2;  // check all the four directions  int[] directions = new int[]  {  {0 1}  {0 -1}  {1 0}  {-1 0}  };  for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)  {  int dx = directions[j 0];  int dy = directions[j 1];  // if the cell is within the grid   // and the distance is not calculated yet  if (x + dx >= 0 && x + dx < n && y + dy >= 0 && y + dy < m && ans[x + dx y + dy] == int.MaxValue)  {  ans[x + dx y + dy] = ans[x y] + 1;  q.Enqueue(new Tuple<int int>(x + dx y + dy));  }  }  }  }  // Convert 2D array to List> before returning  List<List<int>> result = new List<List<int>>();  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {  List<int> row = new List<int>();  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)  {  row.Add(ans[i j]);  }  result.Add(row);  }  return result;  }  //Driver Code Starts  static void Main()  {  int[] grid = new int[]  {  {0 1 1 0}  {1 1 0 0}  {0 0 1 1}  };  List<List<int>> ans = nearest(grid);  for (int i = 0; i < ans.Count; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < ans[i].Count; j++)  {  Console.Write(ans[i][j] + ' ');  }  Console.WriteLine();  }  } } //Driver Code Ends 
JavaScript
//Driver Code Starts const Denque = require('denque'); //Driver Code Ends  function nearest(grid) {  let n = grid.length;  let m = grid[0].length;  // Initialize answer matrix with Infinity  let ans = [];  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  ans.push(new Array(m).fill(Infinity));  }  // to store the indices of the cells having 1  let q = new Denque();  // visit each cell of the grid  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {  // if the cell has 1   // then the distance is 0  if (grid[i][j] === 1) {  ans[i][j] = 0;  q.push([i j]);  }  }  }  // iterate over all the cells  // and find the distance of the nearest 1  while (!q.isEmpty()) {  let [x y] = q.shift();  // check all the four directions  let directions = [  [0 1]  [0 -1]  [1 0]  [-1 0]  ];  for (let dir of directions) {  let dx = dir[0];  let dy = dir[1];  // if the cell is within the grid   // and the distance is not calculated yet  if (x + dx >= 0 && x + dx < n && y + dy >= 0 && y + dy < m && ans[x + dx][y + dy] === Infinity) {  ans[x + dx][y + dy] = ans[x][y] + 1;  q.push([x + dx y + dy]);  }  }  }  return ans; }  //Driver Code Starts // Driver Code let grid = [  [0 1 1 0]  [1 1 0 0]  [0 0 1 1] ]; let ans = nearest(grid); for (let i = 0; i < ans.length; i++) {  console.log(ans[i].join(' ')); } //Driver Code Ends 

Ausgabe
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 
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