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Java-String CompareTo()

Der Java-String-Klasse CompareTo() Die Methode vergleicht die angegebene Zeichenfolge lexikografisch mit der aktuellen Zeichenfolge. Es gibt eine positive Zahl, eine negative Zahl oder 0 zurück.

Es vergleicht Zeichenfolgen auf der Grundlage des Unicode-Werts jedes Zeichens in den Zeichenfolgen.

Wenn die erste Zeichenfolge lexikographisch größer als die zweite Zeichenfolge ist, wird eine positive Zahl zurückgegeben (Differenz der Zeichenwerte). Wenn die erste Zeichenfolge lexikografisch kleiner als die zweite Zeichenfolge ist, wird eine negative Zahl zurückgegeben. Wenn die erste Zeichenfolge lexikographisch gleich der zweiten Zeichenfolge ist, wird 0 zurückgegeben.

 if s1 &gt; s2, it returns positive number if s1 <s2, 0 it returns negative number if s1="=" s2, < pre> <h3>Syntax</h3> <pre> public int compareTo(String anotherString) </pre> <p>The method accepts a parameter of type String that is to be compared with the current string.</p> <p>It returns an integer value. It throws the following two exceptions:</p> <p> <strong>ClassCastException:</strong> If this object cannot get compared with the specified object.</p> <p> <strong>NullPointerException:</strong> If the specified object is null.</p> <h2>Internal implementation</h2> <pre> int compareTo(String anotherString) { int length1 = value.length; int length2 = anotherString.value.length; int limit = Math.min(length1, length2); char v1[] = value; char v2[] = anotherString.value; int i = 0; while (i <limit) { char ch1="v1[i];" ch2="v2[i];" if (ch1 !="ch2)" return - ch2; } i++; length1 length2; < pre> <h2>Java String compareTo() Method Example</h2> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ String s1=&apos;hello&apos;; String s2=&apos;hello&apos;; String s3=&apos;meklo&apos;; String s4=&apos;hemlo&apos;; String s5=&apos;flag&apos;; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2));//0 because both are equal System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s3));//-5 because &apos;h&apos; is 5 times lower than &apos;m&apos; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s4));//-1 because &apos;l&apos; is 1 times lower than &apos;m&apos; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s5));//2 because &apos;h&apos; is 2 times greater than &apos;f&apos; }} </pre> <span> Test it Now </span> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 0 -5 -1 2 </pre> <h2>Java String compareTo(): empty string</h2> <p>When we compare two strings in which either first or second string is empty, the method returns the length of the string. So, there may be two scenarios:</p> <ul> <li>If <strong>first</strong> string is an empty string, the method returns a <strong>negative</strong> </li> <li>If <strong>second</strong> string is an empty string, the method returns a <strong>positive</strong> number that is the length of the first string.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample2.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample2{ public static void main(String args[]){ String s1=&apos;hello&apos;; String s2=&apos;&apos;; String s3=&apos;me&apos;; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2)); System.out.println(s2.compareTo(s3)); }} </pre> <span> Test it Now </span> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 5 -2 </pre> <h3>Java String compareTo(): case sensitive</h3> <p>To check whether the compareTo() method considers the case sensitiveness of characters or not, we will make the comparison between two strings that contain the same letters in the same sequence.</p> <p>Suppose, a string having letters in uppercase, and the second string having the letters in lowercase. On comparing these two string, if the outcome is 0, then the compareTo() method does not consider the case sensitiveness of characters; otherwise, the method considers the case sensitiveness of characters.</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample3.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample3 { // main method public static void main(String argvs[]) { // input string in uppercase String st1 = new String(&apos;INDIA IS MY COUNTRY&apos;); // input string in lowercase String st2 = new String(&apos;india is my country&apos;); System.out.println(st1.compareTo(st2)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> -32 </pre> <p> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is obvious by looking at the output that the outcome is not equal to zero. Hence, the compareTo() method takes care of the case sensitiveness of characters.</p> <h3>Java String compareTo(): ClassCastException</h3> <p>The <strong>ClassCastException</strong> is thrown when objects of incompatible types get compared. In the following example, we are comparing an object of the ArrayList (al) with a string literal (&apos;Sehwag&apos;).</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample4.java</p> <pre> // import statement import java.util.*; class Players { private String name; // constructor of the class public Players(String str) { name = str; } } public class CompareToExample4 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { Players ronaldo = new Players(&apos;Ronaldo&apos;); Players sachin = new Players(&apos;Sachin&apos;); Players messi = new Players(&apos;Messi&apos;); ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); al.add(ronaldo); al.add(sachin); al.add(messi); // performing binary search on the list al Collections.binarySearch(al, &apos;Sehwag&apos;, null); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.ClassCastException: class Players cannot be cast to class java.lang.Comparable </pre> <h3>Java String compareTo(): NullPointerException</h3> <p>The NullPointerException is thrown when a null object invokes the compareTo() method. Observe the following example.</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample5.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample5 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { String str = null; // null is invoking the compareTo method. Hence, the NullPointerException // will be raised int no = str.compareTo(&apos;India is my country.&apos;); System.out.println(no); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.NullPointerException at CompareToExample5.main(CompareToExample5.java:9) </pre> <hr></limit)></pre></s2,>

Die Methode akzeptiert einen Parameter vom Typ String, der mit dem aktuellen String verglichen werden soll.

Es gibt einen ganzzahligen Wert zurück. Es werden die folgenden zwei Ausnahmen ausgelöst:

ClassCastException: Wenn dieses Objekt nicht mit dem angegebenen Objekt verglichen werden kann.

NullPointerException: Wenn das angegebene Objekt null ist.

Selen

Interne Umsetzung

 int compareTo(String anotherString) { int length1 = value.length; int length2 = anotherString.value.length; int limit = Math.min(length1, length2); char v1[] = value; char v2[] = anotherString.value; int i = 0; while (i <limit) { char ch1="v1[i];" ch2="v2[i];" if (ch1 !="ch2)" return - ch2; } i++; length1 length2; < pre> <h2>Java String compareTo() Method Example</h2> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ String s1=&apos;hello&apos;; String s2=&apos;hello&apos;; String s3=&apos;meklo&apos;; String s4=&apos;hemlo&apos;; String s5=&apos;flag&apos;; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2));//0 because both are equal System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s3));//-5 because &apos;h&apos; is 5 times lower than &apos;m&apos; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s4));//-1 because &apos;l&apos; is 1 times lower than &apos;m&apos; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s5));//2 because &apos;h&apos; is 2 times greater than &apos;f&apos; }} </pre> <span> Test it Now </span> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 0 -5 -1 2 </pre> <h2>Java String compareTo(): empty string</h2> <p>When we compare two strings in which either first or second string is empty, the method returns the length of the string. So, there may be two scenarios:</p> <ul> <li>If <strong>first</strong> string is an empty string, the method returns a <strong>negative</strong> </li> <li>If <strong>second</strong> string is an empty string, the method returns a <strong>positive</strong> number that is the length of the first string.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample2.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample2{ public static void main(String args[]){ String s1=&apos;hello&apos;; String s2=&apos;&apos;; String s3=&apos;me&apos;; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2)); System.out.println(s2.compareTo(s3)); }} </pre> <span> Test it Now </span> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 5 -2 </pre> <h3>Java String compareTo(): case sensitive</h3> <p>To check whether the compareTo() method considers the case sensitiveness of characters or not, we will make the comparison between two strings that contain the same letters in the same sequence.</p> <p>Suppose, a string having letters in uppercase, and the second string having the letters in lowercase. On comparing these two string, if the outcome is 0, then the compareTo() method does not consider the case sensitiveness of characters; otherwise, the method considers the case sensitiveness of characters.</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample3.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample3 { // main method public static void main(String argvs[]) { // input string in uppercase String st1 = new String(&apos;INDIA IS MY COUNTRY&apos;); // input string in lowercase String st2 = new String(&apos;india is my country&apos;); System.out.println(st1.compareTo(st2)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> -32 </pre> <p> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is obvious by looking at the output that the outcome is not equal to zero. Hence, the compareTo() method takes care of the case sensitiveness of characters.</p> <h3>Java String compareTo(): ClassCastException</h3> <p>The <strong>ClassCastException</strong> is thrown when objects of incompatible types get compared. In the following example, we are comparing an object of the ArrayList (al) with a string literal (&apos;Sehwag&apos;).</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample4.java</p> <pre> // import statement import java.util.*; class Players { private String name; // constructor of the class public Players(String str) { name = str; } } public class CompareToExample4 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { Players ronaldo = new Players(&apos;Ronaldo&apos;); Players sachin = new Players(&apos;Sachin&apos;); Players messi = new Players(&apos;Messi&apos;); ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); al.add(ronaldo); al.add(sachin); al.add(messi); // performing binary search on the list al Collections.binarySearch(al, &apos;Sehwag&apos;, null); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.ClassCastException: class Players cannot be cast to class java.lang.Comparable </pre> <h3>Java String compareTo(): NullPointerException</h3> <p>The NullPointerException is thrown when a null object invokes the compareTo() method. Observe the following example.</p> <p> <strong>FileName:</strong> CompareToExample5.java</p> <pre> public class CompareToExample5 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { String str = null; // null is invoking the compareTo method. Hence, the NullPointerException // will be raised int no = str.compareTo(&apos;India is my country.&apos;); System.out.println(no); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.NullPointerException at CompareToExample5.main(CompareToExample5.java:9) </pre> <hr></limit)>
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Ausgabe:

 0 -5 -1 2 

Java String CompareTo(): ​​leere Zeichenfolge

Wenn wir zwei Strings vergleichen, in denen entweder der erste oder der zweite String leer ist, gibt die Methode die Länge des Strings zurück. Es kann also zwei Szenarien geben:

  • Wenn Erste string ist ein leerer String, die Methode gibt a zurück Negativ
  • Wenn zweite string ist ein leerer String, die Methode gibt a zurück positiv Zahl, die der Länge der ersten Zeichenfolge entspricht.

Dateiname: CompareToExample2.java

 public class CompareToExample2{ public static void main(String args[]){ String s1=&apos;hello&apos;; String s2=&apos;&apos;; String s3=&apos;me&apos;; System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2)); System.out.println(s2.compareTo(s3)); }} 
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Ausgabe:

 5 -2 

Java String CompareTo(): ​​Groß- und Kleinschreibung beachten

Um zu überprüfen, ob die Methode „compareTo()“ die Groß-/Kleinschreibung von Zeichen berücksichtigt oder nicht, führen wir einen Vergleich zwischen zwei Zeichenfolgen durch, die dieselben Buchstaben in derselben Reihenfolge enthalten.

Angenommen, eine Zeichenfolge enthält Buchstaben in Großbuchstaben und die zweite Zeichenfolge enthält die Buchstaben in Kleinbuchstaben. Wenn beim Vergleich dieser beiden Zeichenfolgen das Ergebnis 0 ist, berücksichtigt die Methode „compareTo()“ nicht die Groß-/Kleinschreibung der Zeichen. Andernfalls berücksichtigt die Methode die Groß-/Kleinschreibung von Zeichen.

Abendessen vs. Abendessen

Dateiname: CompareToExample3.java

 public class CompareToExample3 { // main method public static void main(String argvs[]) { // input string in uppercase String st1 = new String(&apos;INDIA IS MY COUNTRY&apos;); // input string in lowercase String st2 = new String(&apos;india is my country&apos;); System.out.println(st1.compareTo(st2)); } } 

Ausgabe:

 -32 

Abschluss: Wenn man sich die Ausgabe ansieht, ist es offensichtlich, dass das Ergebnis nicht gleich Null ist. Daher berücksichtigt die Methode „compareTo()“ die Groß-/Kleinschreibung von Zeichen.

Java String vergleichenTo(): ​​ClassCastException

Der ClassCastException wird ausgelöst, wenn Objekte inkompatibler Typen verglichen werden. Im folgenden Beispiel vergleichen wir ein Objekt der ArrayList (al) mit einem String-Literal ('Sehwag').

Dateiname: CompareToExample4.java

 // import statement import java.util.*; class Players { private String name; // constructor of the class public Players(String str) { name = str; } } public class CompareToExample4 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { Players ronaldo = new Players(&apos;Ronaldo&apos;); Players sachin = new Players(&apos;Sachin&apos;); Players messi = new Players(&apos;Messi&apos;); ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); al.add(ronaldo); al.add(sachin); al.add(messi); // performing binary search on the list al Collections.binarySearch(al, &apos;Sehwag&apos;, null); } } 

Ausgabe:

 Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.ClassCastException: class Players cannot be cast to class java.lang.Comparable 

Java String CompareTo(): ​​NullPointerException

Die NullPointerException wird ausgelöst, wenn ein Nullobjekt die Methode CompareTo() aufruft. Beachten Sie das folgende Beispiel.

Dateiname: CompareToExample5.java

 public class CompareToExample5 { // main method public static void main(String[] args) { String str = null; // null is invoking the compareTo method. Hence, the NullPointerException // will be raised int no = str.compareTo(&apos;India is my country.&apos;); System.out.println(no); } } 

Ausgabe:

 Exception in thread &apos;main&apos; java.lang.NullPointerException at CompareToExample5.main(CompareToExample5.java:9)